What is an eSIM? How does eSIM work? eSIM Parts & Specifications
An eSIM is an embedded SIM card that is integrated directly into a device, containing software installed onto an eUICC chip. An eSIM can be re-programmed with new SIM information if eUICC-compatible; otherwise, it is pre-programmed during manufacture.
The genesis of the eSIM can be traced back to the efforts of the GSMA since 2010, which formalized the specifications for this technology in 2016 This initiative was aimed at fostering a new era of interoperability for consumer devices like smartphones, tablets, and wearables, as well as for burgeoning applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) sector.
The eSIM operates by embedding a programmable SIM directly into the device, utilizing a standard called MFF2 for secure, remote SIM provisioning This process involves downloading and installing the carrier's profile onto the eSIM via a provisioning service, facilitated by unique identifiers like ICCID/IMSI, without the need to insert or replace a physical SIM card.
What is eSIM Technology?
At its core, an eSIM is a small chip integrated into mobile devices, smartwatches, and various IoT devices. It serves the same purpose as a traditional SIM card, which stores the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and key user information. eSIM technology represents a significant advancement in the telecommunications sector, marking a shift from physical SIM cards to digital SIM embedded directly into devices.
What does eSIM do?
An eSIM (Embedded-Subscriber Identity Module) is soldered onto the device's motherboard, incorporating a reprogrammable eUICC chip This chip stores all necessary information traditionally held on a physical SIM, such as the ICCID/IMSI, enabling the device to authenticate and connect to a mobile carrier's network.
The transition from physical SIMs to eSIMs is facilitated by software, streamlining the process of switching between networks or subscribing to new services This software-centric approach enables the provisioning service to remotely manage the eSIM, including activation, carrier switching and updating carrier profiles according to GSMA specifications.
eSIM technology has been adopted by leading technology firms and manufacturers, including Apple, Google, Samsung, and Microsoft, across a range of devices such as iPhones, iPads, Pixel phones, Galaxy S21, and Surface Pro LTE models This wide adoption underscores the versatility and forward compatibility of eSIMs, making them a standard feature in mobile telephones, IoT devices, and even in automotive applications, as seen with the European Commission's eCall initiative and Russia's ERA-GLONASS system
How Does eSIM Work?
The eSIM (embedded SIM) represents a Key evolution in mobile telephony, integrating the functionality of traditional SIM cards directly into the device's integrated circuit This innovation is made possible through the eUICC (embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card) chip, which diverges from the conventional physical SIM card's reliance on PVC and a tangible form factor.
The eUICC chip's core functionality hinges on its ability to be reprogrammed by software, allowing users to switch carriers without the need to replace the SIM card physically.
At the heart of the eSIM technology are the ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card Identifier) and IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity), critical identifiers that facilitate the connection between mobile telephones and the carrier's network These identifiers are paramount in the eSIM's operation, enabling seamless carrier provisioning and authentication processes.
The transition to eSIM technology has been spearheaded by industry giants such as Apple, Google, and Samsung, with devices like the iPhone, Pixel, and Galaxy S21 incorporating eSIM capabilities This shift is not limited to smartphones alone; tablets like the iPad and laptops such as Microsoft's Surface Pro LTE, have also embraced eSIM technology, broadening its application across a diverse range of devices.
eSIM Parts and their functions
eSIM (embedded-SIM) technology represents a pivotal shift in mobile telecommunications, offering a more flexible and streamlined approach to network service connectivity an eSIM is an integrated circuit embedded directly into the device, eliminating the need for physical swapping of SIM cards
eUICC Chip
eSIM technology lies in the eUICC chip (Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card), which allows users to switch carriers or mobile telephone services without the need to replace the SIM card physically
This chip stores all necessary subscriber information, including ICCID (Integrated Circuit Card Identifier) and IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity), which are critical for network identification and security.
SM-DP+ History
To facilitate the remote provisioning of an eUICC, specific software must be installed on a server, known as the 'Subscription Manager (SM)'. For M2M (machine-to-machine) eUICCs, the Subscription Manager is divided into two distinct components:
- SM-DP (Data Preparation) takes the raw profile information from an MNO, and personalizes it with the appropriate IMSI/Ki pair information.
- SM-SR (Secure Routing) provides a secure routing path for the transmission of information from the SM-DP to the eSIM.
In the consumer sector, these functions are merged and augmented, resulting in a unified system referred to as the SM-DP+.
SM-DP+ Address
The SM-DP+ (Subscription Manager - Data Preparation Plus) address plays a vital role in the eSIM (Embedded SIM) ecosystem.
The SM-DP+ address is a unique identifier that enables the secure and remote provisioning of eSIM profiles. The address is essentially a URL or URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) that points to the SM-DP+ server, where eSIM profiles are prepared and stored for deployment.
ICCID
The Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID) is a pivotal element in eSIM technology This numeric identifier is typically 19 or 20 digits long starting with 89. ICCID's primary function is to facilitate the identification and authentication of the eSIM profile to the mobile network.
You can follow a straightforward process to Find ICCID (Circuit Card Identifier).
Each ICCID is composed of several key segments that encode specific information:
- Issuer Identification Number (IIN): The initial segment, usually 6 to 7 digits, identifies the issuing network or organization
- Individual Account Identification: This portion varies in length and is assigned by the issuer to identify the individual account uniquely
- Check Digit: The final digit, calculated through the Luhn algorithm, serves as a form of error detection, ensuring the ICCID's integrity.
EID Number
The EID number stands for “Embedded Identity Document Number.” EID is a serial number correlating with eSIM Installed in a device ( Mobile, Laptop, Tablet. Or some IoT devices.) EID is a 32-digit serial number, which is unique for each eSIM.
Advantages and disadvantages of eSIM
While eSIM technology presents significant advantages in terms of flexibility, design, security, and connectivity, it also faces challenges related to carrier support, user transition, device compatibility, consumer education, and technical support
Advantages of eSIM
- Flexibility and Convenience: eSIMs (embedded-SIMs) offer unparalleled flexibility for users, allowing them to switch carriers or plans without the need to physically replace a SIM card This is particularly beneficial for mobile telephones and devices like the iPhone, iPad, Google Pixel, and Samsung Galaxy S21, enhancing user experience by simplifying the process through software
- Improved Design and Durability: The absence of a physical SIM card slot allows manufacturers like Apple, Google, and Samsung to design slimmer and more water-resistant devices The integration of the eUICC chip directly onto the device's integrated circuit board eliminates the need for PVC SIM trays, contributing to more sustainable device designs
- Enhanced Security: eSIMs offer advanced security features compared to traditional SIM cards The provisioning service for eSIMs is managed through secure software, reducing the risk of physical theft or tampering The unique eSIM ID (EID) and ICCID/IMSI information are securely stored and managed, providing a more secure connection
- Global Connectivity and Roaming: For travelers, eSIMs provide an easier way to switch between carriers and access local networks without the need for multiple physical SIM cards This is especially advantageous in regions like North America, Europe, and Asia, where travelers can benefit from local rates and improved network coverage
- IoT and Smart Devices Integration: eSIM technology is crucial for the IoT (Internet of Things), enabling seamless connectivity for a wide range of devices beyond mobile phones, such as the Surface Pro LTE and vehicles equipped with eCall systems mandated by the European Commission The compact form factor and remote provisioning capabilities of eSIMs are ideal for IoT applications
Disadvantages of eSIM
- Carrier Support and Compatibility: Despite the backing by majors like GSMA, not all carriers or regions fully support eSIM technology Users in certain areas might find limitations in switching services or accessing certain networks, impacting the global adoption rate
- Transition and Provisioning Challenges: Transitioning from a physical SIM to an eSIM can be challenging for users unfamiliar with the technology The provisioning process, although intended to be straightforward, can vary between carriers and devices, potentially leading to confusion and setup issues
- Device Compatibility and Locking: While newer devices from manufacturers like Apple (iPhone, iPad), Google (Pixel), and Samsung (Galaxy S21, Galaxy S20) support eSIM, older models and certain devices may not Additionally, carrier locking practices may still apply, restricting the device to a specific network despite the eSIM's inherent flexibility
- Technical Issues and Support: As with any new technology, eSIMs can encounter technical glitches or compatibility issues with certain networks or devices Resolving these issues may require more sophisticated customer support from carriers and manufacturers, potentially leading to longer resolution times.
What are eSIM-Compatible Devices
eSIM-compatible devices refer to smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, and other gadgets that support eSIM technology, allowing users to download and use eSIM profiles for connectivity. These devices have an embedded SIM (eSIM) that cannot be removed and are designed to access cellular networks through remote SIM provisioning.
What is the Price of an eSIM?
The price of an eSIM varies depending on the country you are visiting and the plan you are choosing. eSIMCard offers different sorts of eSIM plans, including local eSIM plans for each country, regional eSIM plans for different regions, and Global eSIM plans for multiple countries.
Local eSIM plans start from $ 2.4 ( varies from country to country), Regional eSIM plans start from $2.52 ( Starting price varies from region to region), and global eSIM plans start from $4.86.
What is the eSIM plan?
An eSIM plan refers to a data package that users can purchase to access mobile networks using eSIM technology. These plans typically offer a certain amount of data for a specific duration, such as weekly or monthly, and can vary in price based on the amount of data provided.
eSIM vs Physical SIM
The comparison between eSIM and physical SIM cards reveals distinct advantages and disadvantages for each technology:
eSIM:
- Advantages: Easier network switching if compatible with the carrier's app.
- Disadvantages: Limited network support for eSIM.
Physical SIM:
- Advantages: Quick and easy swapping between devices.
- Disadvantages: Prone to physical damage or loss.
Both eSIM and physical SIM cards have their unique benefits and drawbacks. My personal favourite is eSIM for its convenience, affordability, and Global Coverage.
What is eSIM Used For
eSIM technology is utilized for various purposes, offering flexibility and convenience in connectivity. Here are some key uses of eSIMs based on the provided sources:
- Global Connectivity: eSIMs enable users to connect to different networks globally without the need to physically swap SIM cards, making them ideal for international travelers seeking seamless network access.
- Short-Term Data Needs: eSIM data plans cater to short-term data requirements, allowing users to purchase temporary data packages for devices that may not have a permanent network connection, such as tablets, laptops, or secondary phones.
- Prepaid Data Options: For individuals who prefer a prepaid model over traditional monthly data plans, eSIMs offer the flexibility to buy data as needed without being tied down by contracts, providing a cost-effective and customizable data solution.
- Affordable Travel Data: eSIMs are popular among travelers looking to avoid roaming charges by connecting to local networks in different countries, ensuring cost-effective and reliable data access while abroad.
- Device Compatibility: eSIM technology extends beyond smartphones to include tablets, laptops, smartwatches, and various gadgets, offering a wide range of devices the ability to benefit from eSIM connectivity.
Overall, eSIMs are versatile tools that streamline network connectivity, offering users the freedom to manage their data needs efficiently and cost-effectively across different devices and locations.
Why is eSIM Not Popular?
eSIM technology faces challenges in popularity due to several reasons highlighted in the provided sources:
- Limited Network Support: eSIM compatibility varies among carriers and regions, with only the most popular phones supported by most carriers, particularly in the US. This limitation restricts the widespread adoption of eSIM technology, as not all networks fully support it.
- Global Adoption Challenges: The global adoption of eSIM technology faces hurdles, with some countries and carriers lagging in eSIM support. This lack of uniformity in eSIM adoption across regions can hinder its popularity, especially for users who travel internationally or require consistent network access.
- Device Compatibility: While eSIM technology is expanding to various devices, including smartphones, tablets, and wearables, not all devices support eSIMs. This lack of universal compatibility across devices can limit the widespread use of eSIM technology, affecting its overall popularity.
In summary, the limited network support, global adoption challenges, and device compatibility issues contribute to the slower adoption and popularity of eSIM technology.
How to Get an eSIM?
Buying and activating an eSIM online from eSIMCard is a straightforward process.
- Go to the eSIMCard App: Open the eSIMCard App on your iOS / Android.
- Search the Country: Search for the country you need the internet for.
- Select the Data Plan: Select the Data package according to your need.
- Tap BUY NOW: Tap the Buy Now button below eSIM details.
- Agree to the terms: Agree to the terms and conditions after reading them.
- Press confirm to proceed: After pressing “Confirm” you will proceed to the confirmation page.
How to Activate eSIM on iPhone
Installation via QR Code
- Get the QR Code: After purchasing your eSIM, eSIMCard will provide a QR code. You can find this in your account under 'My eSIMs'.
- Open iPhone Settings: On your iPhone, go to 'Settings', then 'Cellular', and select 'Add Cellular Plan'.
- Scan the QR Code: Choose 'Use QR Code' and scan the code provided by eSIMCard.
- Complete Setup: Label your new eSIM and set your preferences for calls, messages, and data as needed.
Note: Not all carriers offer eSIM services, so confirming this with your provider is essential.
Manual eSIM Activation
Manual eSIM activation is an alternative method, handy when automatic or QR code-based methods are not feasible. This process involves entering eSIM details manually into your iPhone, a method supported by many iPhone models with eSIM support. Here's how to do it:
- Obtain eSIM Details: First, you need to get the necessary eSIM information from your carrier. This typically includes an SM-DP+ address and an activation code. Some carriers may also provide a confirmation code.
- Access Cellular Settings: On your iPhone, go to Settings and tap on 'Cellular'. Here, you'll find the option to add a new cellular plan.
- Choose Manual Activation: In the Cellular settings, select 'Add Cellular Plan', and then choose 'Enter Details Manually'. This option is crucial for manual eSIM activation.
- Enter eSIM Information: Input the SM-DP+ address, activation code, and any other required information into the relevant fields. This step is critical for eSIM configuration and should be done carefully to avoid errors.
- Complete Activation: After entering all the details, follow the remaining on-screen instructions to complete the activation process. This will integrate the eSIM into your iPhone's cellular plans.
- Set Preferences: Once activated, label your eSIM (e.g., 'Business Line' or 'Travel SIM') and configure your preferred settings for calls, messages, and data usage. If your eSIM includes data plans, ensure these are set up according to your needs.
- Verify Connectivity: Finally, check your iPhone’s cellular settings to confirm that the eSIM is active and connected to the network.
Manual eSIM activation offers a high degree of control and is a valuable option when other methods are unavailable. It's beneficial for users who need specific eSIM data plans or have unique carrier requirements.
How to Activate eSIM on Android
Manual Method:
- Access Device Settings: Open settings on your device.
- Navigate to Network and Internet: Find the Cellular or Mobile section.
- Tap SIMs: Tap "SIMs" to open active SIMs on Device.
- Tap Add More: tap the “Add More” tab at the bottom.
- Enter Details Manually: Input the SM-DP+ Address and Activation Code.
- Label Your eSIM: Give your eSIM a name for easy identification.
- Default Line Selection: Choose eSIM for cellular data only.
- Confirmation: Your eSIM should now show under your data plans.
QR Code Method:
- Access Device Settings: Open settings on your device.
- Navigate to Network and Internet: Find the Cellular or Mobile section.
- Tap SIMs: Tap "SIMs" to open active SIMs on Device.
- Tap Add More: Tap the “Add More” tab at the bottom.
- Use QR Code: Scan the QR code with your device.
- Confirmation Code: Enter the 4-digit code if provided.
- Label Your eSIM: Name your eSIM for easy recognition.
- Default Line Selection: Set eSIM as your data line.
Is eSIM better than a physical SIM card?
Yes, eSIM is considered better than a physical SIM card based on its ability to offer greater flexibility in switching carriers and plans without physical SIM swaps, enhanced convenience for users, and seamless integration into devices like the iPhone, iPad, and Google Pixel.
Does eSIM drain the battery?
The impact of eSIM technology on battery life is minimal The eSIM operates similarly to a traditional SIM card, with both utilizing minimal power to maintain a network connection The eUICC chip, responsible for eSIM functionality, is designed to be highly efficient Therefore, any battery drain attributed to eSIM usage is negligible compared to the overall power consumption of the device
Does eSIM work without the internet?
eSIM requires an initial internet connection for the provisioning service to download the carrier profile onto the device Once the eSIM profile is installed, the device can connect to the carrier's network without an internet connection for standard calls and SMS However, for operations such as switching carriers or downloading new profiles, an internet connection is necessary to access the provisioning service
Does eSIM support 5G?
Yes, eSIM technology is fully compatible with 5G networks The capability to support 5G is not inherently limited by the type of SIM technology (eSIM or physical SIM) but rather by the device's hardware and the carrier's network Manufacturers like Apple, Samsung, and Google have released devices, including the iPhone 12 series, Galaxy S21, and Pixel 5, which support 5G connectivity on both eSIM and physical SIM cards The GSMA's specifications ensure that eSIM technology is equipped to handle the advanced capabilities of 5G networks, offering users the full spectrum of 5G benefits such as increased speed and lower latency.